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Así es el caza Mirage, el avión de combate francés que usará Ucrania: aniquilan drones y bombardean territorio ruso[
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"headline": "As\u00ed es el caza Mirage, el avi\u00f3n de combate franc\u00e9s que usar\u00e1 Ucrania: aniquilan drones y bombardean territorio ruso",
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"datePublished": "2025-01-09T02:18:52+01:00",
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"keywords": "Aviones combate, Armamento, Aviaci\u00f3n militar, Francia, Guerra Rusia-Ucrania, Defensa y Espacio",
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"description": "Francia ha confirmado el primer env\u00edo de tres cazas Mirage 2000-5F, que en breve empezar\u00e1n a sustituir a los vetustos bombarderos Su-24.\nM\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n: Las primeras misiones de los cazas F-16 en Ucrania contra Rusia: de bloquear radares a derribar sus drones y misiles",
"articleBody": "Ucrania lleva desde el principio de la invasi\u00f3n rusa, en febrero 2022, intentando equilibrar el poder\u00edo a\u00e9reo de los de Vlad\u00edmir Putin, muy superior tanto en n\u00famero como en capacidades tecnol\u00f3gicas. Hasta hace poco dependientes de los Su-24 y los MiG 29, procedentes de la era sovi\u00e9tica, los ucranianos recibieron en verano los primeros F-16 de EEUU, que ya han demostrado su eficacia a la hora de derribar drones y misiles. Ahora le llega el turno a los cazas Mirage 2000-5F, tras el acuerdo alcanzado por Emmanuel Macron y Volod\u00edmir Zelenski y cuya llegada a suelo ucraniano est\u00e1 prevista para el 20 de enero.\nSe trata de un primer lote de entre tres aviones, de los diez previstos en total para sustituir la flota de bombarderos ucranianos Su-24, fabricados durante la d\u00e9cada de los a\u00f1os 80 del siglo pasado. El acuerdo, filtrado por Avions Legendaires, llega despu\u00e9s de largas negociaciones entre ambos presidentes, y se suma a otras cesiones sas, como los veh\u00edculos blindados AMX-10RC o los obuses autopropulsados Caesar. \nAdem\u00e1s de su maniobrabilidad y versatilidad, uno de los aspectos m\u00e1s importantes que aportan los Mirage a las Fuerzas A\u00e9reas de Ucrania es la facilidad para entrenar a sus pilotos. Adem\u00e1s, aunque no son cazas de reciente fabricaci\u00f3n, s\u00ed han sido modernizados por la Direcci\u00f3n General de Armamento (DGA) sa con capacidades avanzadas. Eso les permitir\u00e1 utilizar, entre otras municiones, misiles de crucero SCALP-EG y Storm Shadow, que ya han marcado un antes y un despu\u00e9s en el conflicto ampliando el rango de acci\u00f3n de Ucrania en terreno ruso. \nMirage ses\nLos Mirage que Francia enviar\u00e1 a Ucrania pertenecen al modelo 2000-5F, un tipo muy espec\u00edfico que se basa en la reconversi\u00f3n de las aeronaves m\u00e1s antiguas que entraron en servicio hace dos d\u00e9cadas y que cuentan con algunas particularidades respecto a las versiones de exportaci\u00f3n.\nLos fabricantes de aviones militares suelen crear una versi\u00f3n nacional para proporcionar capacidades extra al pa\u00eds de origen y otra algo menos equipada para que sea el cliente de origen quien elija los sistemas a integrar. Los Mirage ses cuentan en la actualidad con algunos sistemas de contramedidas defensivas especiales, seg\u00fan recoge The War Zone.\n\nEstos mismos cazas que en unas semanas pasar\u00e1n a manos ucranianas tambi\u00e9n disponen del radar RDY. Se trata de un sistema esencial que mejora las capacidades de detecci\u00f3n de amenazas respecto a los otros modelos de radares que los Mirage 2000 suelen equipar. Por ejemplo, la capacidad de monitorizar m\u00e1s de un objetivo de forma simult\u00e1nea y una mejora en la funcionalidad de detecci\u00f3n aire-superficie.\nSi Francia decide mantener el equipo ya instalado en sus cazas puede suponer un impulso importante en las capacidades a\u00e9reas de Ucrania. Principalmente contra aquellas amenazas representadas por drones o misiles de crucero de vuelo bajo, con las que Rusia amedrenta a su pa\u00eds vecino pr\u00e1cticamente a diario.\n\n\n\nAs\u00ed son los Eurofighter Halc\u00f3n II con los que el Ej\u00e9rcito del Aire ampl\u00eda su flota: construidos en Getafe y casi invisibles a radares\n\n\nOtro aspecto que queda por revelarse es el armamento que ir\u00e1 asociado al caza. Los Mirage 2000-5F de Francia disponen actualmente del misil aire-aire MICA que se alinea con la gran capacidad de la aeronave para llevar a cabo misiones de patrulla y guerra en el aire. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n lleva algunas armas dise\u00f1adas para ejecutar misiones a la superficie como el misil de crucero SCALP-EG o la bomba guiada Hammer.\nUna de las misiones encomendadas a estos Mirage en Francia es la de permanecer alerta para defender el espacio a\u00e9reo de dominio nacional, situ\u00e1ndolos en la primera l\u00ednea operativa del pa\u00eds galo. Se espera una reducci\u00f3n de la flota paulatina de este modelo de caza para ir sustituy\u00e9ndolos por los Rafale de nueva factura y m\u00e1s modernos.\nUn as en la manga\nLa plataforma de los Mirage data de los a\u00f1os 70 del siglo pasado, cuando fueron dise\u00f1ados. A partir de ese momento, y dado el \u00e9xito que hab\u00eda cosechado en exportaciones, Francia decidi\u00f3 continuar con el desarrollo de varias versiones que se han ido enlazando hasta la 2000-9 que actualmente se encuentra operativa en Emiratos \u00c1rabes Unidos y que dentro de unos a\u00f1os ir\u00e1 a parar a Marruecos.\nEl caza mide 14,36 metros de largo, tiene una envergadura de 9,13 metros y un peso m\u00e1ximo al despegue de 17.000 kilogramos. La planta motriz est\u00e1 representada por un \u00fanico motor firmado por la tambi\u00e9n sa Safran Aircraft Engines (anteriormente conocida como Snecma) que le confiere a la aeronave una velocidad m\u00e1xima operativa de 2.300 km/h.\n\nDispone de un total de 9 puntos de anclaje \u20144 pilones subalares y 5 soportes bajo el fuselaje\u2014 donde puede integrar todo tipo de rios y armamento. Dentro de esta \u00faltima categor\u00eda, adem\u00e1s de un par de ca\u00f1ones y los sistemas antes mencionados, es compatible con misiles aire-aire como el MBDA Meteor o el aire-superficie Storm Shadow.\nUna de las diferencias m\u00e1s notables y positivas que aporta el caza franc\u00e9s a la ecuaci\u00f3n a\u00e9rea ucraniana tiene que ver con la formaci\u00f3n. Macron anunci\u00f3 hace meses la capacidad para entrenar a los pilotos que manejar\u00e1n el Mirage, mientras que el asunto acad\u00e9mico con los F-16 ha supuesto m\u00e1s de un quebradero de cabeza.\nAs\u00ed, los Mirage 2000-5F se convertir\u00e1n en los primeros aviones de combate dise\u00f1ados y fabricados en Europa transferidos a Ucrania, adelant\u00e1ndose a los Gripen suecos, que tambi\u00e9n estaban (y siguen estando) encima de la mesa. Los pa\u00edses de la OTAN intentan as\u00ed reforzar y diversificar las capacidades de las Fuerzas A\u00e9reas de Ucrania en su lucha desigual contra el nutrido arsenal de aeronaves ruso.",
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Mirage 2000-5F en vuelo
Michael B. Keller / USAF
Defensa y Espacio
Así es el caza Mirage, el avión de combate francés que usará Ucrania: aniquilan drones y bombardean territorio ruso
Francia ha confirmado el primer envío de tres cazas Mirage 2000-5F, que en breve empezarán a sustituir a los vetustos bombarderos Su-24.
Más información: Las primeras misiones de los cazas F-16 en Ucrania contra Rusia: de bloquear radares a derribar sus drones y misiles
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Ismael Marinero
Publicada
9 enero 2025
02:18h
Ucrania lleva desde el principio de la invasión rusa, en febrero 2022, intentando equilibrar el poderío aéreo de los de Vladímir Putin, muy superior tanto en número como en capacidades tecnológicas. Hasta hace poco dependientes de los Su-24 y los MiG 29, procedentes de la era soviética, los ucranianos recibieron en verano los primeros F-16 de EEUU, que ya han demostrado su eficacia a la hora de derribar drones y misiles. Ahora le llega el turno a los cazas Mirage 2000-5F, tras el acuerdo alcanzado por Emmanuel Macron y Volodímir Zelenski y cuya llegada a suelo ucraniano está prevista para el 20 de enero.
Se trata de un primer lote de entre tres aviones, de los diez previstos en total para sustituir la flota de bombarderos ucranianos Su-24, fabricados durante la década de los años 80 del siglo pasado. El acuerdo, filtrado por Avions Legendaires, llega después de largas negociaciones entre ambos presidentes, y se suma a otras cesiones sas, como los vehículos blindados AMX-10RC o los obuses autopropulsados Caesar.
Además de su maniobrabilidad y versatilidad, uno de los aspectos más importantes que aportan los Mirage a las Fuerzas Aéreas de Ucrania es la facilidad para entrenar a sus pilotos. Además, aunque no son cazas de reciente fabricación, sí han sido modernizados por la Dirección General de Armamento (DGA) sa con capacidades avanzadas. Eso les permitirá utilizar, entre otras municiones, misiles de crucero SCALP-EG y Storm Shadow, que ya han marcado un antes y un después en el conflicto ampliando el rango de acción de Ucrania en terreno ruso.
Mirage ses
Los Mirage que Francia enviará a Ucrania pertenecen al modelo 2000-5F, un tipo muy específico que se basa en la reconversión de las aeronaves más antiguas que entraron en servicio hace dos décadas y que cuentan con algunas particularidades respecto a las versiones de exportación.
Los fabricantes de aviones militares suelen crear una versión nacional para proporcionar capacidades extra al país de origen y otra algo menos equipada para que sea el cliente de origen quien elija los sistemas a integrar. Los Mirage ses cuentan en la actualidad con algunos sistemas de contramedidas defensivas especiales, según recoge The War Zone.
Mirage 2000-5F en acción
Estos mismos cazas que en unas semanas pasarán a manos ucranianas también disponen del radar RDY. Se trata de un sistema esencial que mejora las capacidades de detección de amenazas respecto a los otros modelos de radares que los Mirage 2000 suelen equipar. Por ejemplo, la capacidad de monitorizar más de un objetivo de forma simultánea y una mejora en la funcionalidad de detección aire-superficie.
Si Francia decide mantener el equipo ya instalado en sus cazas puede suponer un impulso importante en las capacidades aéreas de Ucrania. Principalmente contra aquellas amenazas representadas por drones o misiles de crucero de vuelo bajo, con las que Rusia amedrenta a su país vecino prácticamente a diario.
Airbus
Omicrono
Así son los Eurofighter Halcón II con los que el Ejército del Aire amplía su flota: construidos en Getafe y casi invisibles a radares
Otro aspecto que queda por revelarse es el armamento que irá asociado al caza. Los Mirage 2000-5F de Francia disponen actualmente del misil aire-aire MICA que se alinea con la gran capacidad de la aeronave para llevar a cabo misiones de patrulla y guerra en el aire. Sin embargo, también lleva algunas armas diseñadas para ejecutar misiones a la superficie como el misil de crucero SCALP-EG o la bomba guiada Hammer.
Una de las misiones encomendadas a estos Mirage en Francia es la de permanecer alerta para defender el espacio aéreo de dominio nacional, situándolos en la primera línea operativa del país galo. Se espera una reducción de la flota paulatina de este modelo de caza para ir sustituyéndolos por los Rafale de nueva factura y más modernos.
Un as en la manga
La plataforma de los Mirage data de los años 70 del siglo pasado, cuando fueron diseñados. A partir de ese momento, y dado el éxito que había cosechado en exportaciones, Francia decidió continuar con el desarrollo de varias versiones que se han ido enlazando hasta la 2000-9 que actualmente se encuentra operativa en Emiratos Árabes Unidos y que dentro de unos años irá a parar a Marruecos.
El caza mide 14,36 metros de largo, tiene una envergadura de 9,13 metros y un peso máximo al despegue de 17.000 kilogramos. La planta motriz está representada por un único motor firmado por la también sa Safran Aircraft Engines (anteriormente conocida como Snecma) que le confiere a la aeronave una velocidad máxima operativa de 2.300 km/h.
Dos cazas Dassault Mirage 2000-5F
Wikimedia Commons
Omicrono
Dispone de un total de 9 puntos de anclaje —4 pilones subalares y 5 soportes bajo el fuselaje— donde puede integrar todo tipo de rios y armamento. Dentro de esta última categoría, además de un par de cañones y los sistemas antes mencionados, es compatible con misiles aire-aire como el MBDA Meteor o el aire-superficie Storm Shadow.
Una de las diferencias más notables y positivas que aporta el caza francés a la ecuación aérea ucraniana tiene que ver con la formación. Macron anunció hace meses la capacidad para entrenar a los pilotos que manejarán el Mirage, mientras que el asunto académico con los F-16 ha supuesto más de un quebradero de cabeza.
Así, los Mirage 2000-5F se convertirán en los primeros aviones de combate diseñados y fabricados en Europa transferidos a Ucrania, adelantándose a los Gripen suecos, que también estaban (y siguen estando) encima de la mesa. Los países de la OTAN intentan así reforzar y diversificar las capacidades de las Fuerzas Aéreas de Ucrania en su lucha desigual contra el nutrido arsenal de aeronaves ruso.
Francia
Armamento
Aviones combate
Aviación militar
España
Guerra Rusia-Ucrania
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